System for automatically cultivating crops in a greenhouse

ABSTRACT

A system for automatically cultivating crops, according to the present invention, consists of a first structure for conveying seedlings in a first predetermined path to allow the seedlings to be treated under a first set of controlled growing conditions, a second structure for conveying the seedlings in a second predetermined path to allow the seedlings to be treated under a second set of controlled growing conditions, and structure for selectively diverting conveying seedlings on the first conveying structure onto the second conveying structure for conveyance by the second conveying structure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to crop cultivation and, more particularly, to asystem for automatically introducing seedlings into a controlledenvironment, controllably conveying the seedlings through the controlledenvironment as treatment is effected thereon, and discharging thematured seedlings from the system.

2. Background Art

A multitude of crops are conventionally cultivated in the controlledenvironment of a greenhouse. Exemplary of the types of crop seedlingsthat are grown in this fashion are vegetables, root crops, fruits,petal-bearing plants, etc.

Heretofore, cultivation of these various crops in greenhouses has beenaccomplished by five different techniques: 1) a floor installationsystem; 2) a stationary bed system; 3) a movable bed system; 4) a chainconveying movable system; and 5) a special bed system. The prior systemsand their various drawbacks will be explained below.

In the floor installation systems, master boxes, generally constructedfrom wood, are arranged in square or rectangular blocks directly on thefloor of the greenhouse. A representative block of the master boxes mayconsist of ten such boxes. Within each of the master boxes are aplurality of individual plastic pots, typically on the order of 20,which contain the seedlings. The master boxes must be lifted andtransported manually by the greenhouse operators/laborers.

One of the Principal drawbacks with the floor installation systems isthat they are very inefficient spacewise. For the seedlings to beaccessible to the greenhouse operator, as to effect treatment thereofsuch as fertilizing and watering, it is necessary for paths to beprovided around the boxes. Consequently, a substantial area of theotherwise usable greenhouse floor is dedicated solely to providing apathway for the greenhouse operator/laborer tending to the growingseedlings.

A further problem with the floor installation systems is that they arenormally completely manual systems. That is, the greenhouseoperator/laborer manually sets up the boxes with the seedlings, conveysthe boxes to different parts of the greenhouse at different stages ofmaturity for the seedlings, and manually transports the boxes, one byone, out of the greenhouse after the seedlings have adequately matured.Because the boxes are placed on the greenhouse floor, the operator isrequired to lean over to grasp and raise the boxes. Back pain and backinjury for the greenhouse operators/laborers is common.

A still further problem with the floor installation systems is thattheir effective operation requires a large labor force. It is a laborintensive process to plant the seeds, move the seedlings, and effectconveyance of the boxes to the various parts of the greenhouses in whichthey are separately treated.

In the bed-type systems, the individual wooden boxes containing the potsare placed on a table, as opposed to the previously described floorinstallation system. The principal advantage of the table is that theboxes are at a more convenient working height and need not be elevatedfrom ground level to effect conveyance thereof.

However, all of the other drawbacks of the floor installation system arepresent, i.e. the large space requirements, slow operation,inconvenience of manual setup and movement of the seedlings and therequirement of a large labor force.

The movable bed systems are similar to the table bed systems, describedabove, with the exception that groups of rollers are arranged on thetable tops which allow the individual wooden boxes to be more easilyslid along the tabletops by rotation of the rollers. This arrangementfacilitates repositioning of the individual boxes and readily allows aworking space to be developed around the individual boxes by simplyrelatively shifting the boxes through the roller system.

However, while movement of the individual boxes is facilitated, theentire system remains manual. Further, movement of the boxes onto thetable, of f of the table to separate locations in the greenhouse, andout of the greenhouse, is effected manually so that the system, whileeasier to operate than the above described systems, remains laborintensive and quite inefficient in terms of time and space.

In the chain conveyor systems, conveyors are arranged serially totransport seedlings through germinating greenhouses and cultivatinggreenhouses. A cultivating tray is contained in a case which istranslated at slow speeds in a substantially straight path as theconveyor is operated.

In the special bed systems, seedlings are planted in openings withinperforated panels, with the perforations arranged stereoscopically in acrescent shape. Nutrient solution is sprayed onto the seedlings toeffect cultivation thereof.

The chain conveyor and special bed systems both require a substantialamount of manual labor.

All of the above systems require that the seedlings, at a certain stageof development, be spaced, each from the other, to avoid interminglingof the seedlings that would detrimentally alter the growth process. Ineach of the above systems, this process must be carried out manually.

The quality of the various crops is dependent heavily on the growingconditions. Crop quality varies depending on the amount of nutrientsadded, the condition of the air, the amount of sunshine, the ambienttemperature and the amount of moisture to which the crops are subjected.Certain of these conditions are inherently different from one locationto the next in a greenhouse. Consequently, with the above describedsystems, there typically is a significant difference in the quality ofthe crops from one location to the next in the greenhouse. This is aparticularly undesirable problem that is contended with in the aboveprior art mass production systems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is specifically directed to overcoming theabove-enumerated problems in a novel and simple manner.

The principal objective of the present invention is to effect automaticcultivation of crops in a greenhouse through a simple system that worksrapidly and efficiently to produce a homogeneous crop. At the same time,a high quality product is realized with a minimal amount of manual laborand with minimal space requirements.

The present invention contemplates both a system for automaticallycultivating crops and a method of accomplishing the same.

The system, according to the present invention, consists of a firststructure for conveying seedlings in a first predetermined path to allowthe seedlings to be treated under a first set of controlled growingconditions, a second structure for conveying the seedlings in a secondpredetermined path to allow the seedlings to be treated under a secondset of controlled growing conditions, and structure for selectivelydiverting conveying seedlings on the first conveying structure onto thesecond conveying structure for conveyance by the second conveyingstructure.

The above system is contemplated to be used in a greenhouse, whereinillumination, temperature, moisture, nutrition and the like arecontrollable. The conveying seedlings, which may be either continuouslyor intermittently moved, are uniformly treated so that a high qualityhomogeneous crop results.

In a preferred form, the second conveying structure is operated at afaster speed than the first conveying structure so that the seedlingsplaced on the second conveying structure are spaced, one from the other,so that there is no detrimental contact between the matured seedlings onthe second conveying structure.

To further facilitate this spacing, the conveying surface defined by thesecond conveying structure is wider than the conveying surface definedby the first conveying structure. Still further, the diverting structurehas a diverting conveying surface between the first and second conveyingstructures to allow lateral dispersion of the seedlings as they aredelivered to the second conveying structure. This may be accomplished bydiverting rollers which fan the seedlings out as they are deposited onthe second conveying structure.

Preferably, at least one, and preferably both, of the first and secondconveying structures are arranged to convey seedlings in a closed loop.This arrangement allows efficient utilization of the greenhouse space.

In a preferred form, at least one of the first and second conveyingstructures, and preferably both of the conveying structures, are eachmade up of a plurality of conveying sections, to include a firstsubstantially straight conveying section with an input/output end and asecond curved section with an output/input end arranged adjacent to theinput/output end of the first conveying section with the secondconveying section in its operative position, to permit seedlings to betransferred between the input/output end of the first straight conveyingsection and the output/input end of the second curved conveying section.

Still further, the invention contemplates structure for moving thesecond, curved conveying section relative to the first conveying sectionto an inoperative position to thereby expose the input/output end of thefirst straight conveying section for ready access thereto.

In a preferred form, the second conveying section is moved transverselyto the length of the first conveying section between its operative andinoperative positions.

Still further, the present invention contemplates an extensibleconveying section associated with the first conveying section at theinput/output end thereof to facilitate transfer of seedlings between alocation off of the first conveying structure and the first conveyingstructure.

Preferably, the seedlings conveying on at least one of the first andsecond conveying structures are controllably treated with at least oneof light, heat, cooled air, moisture and nutrients.

In a preferred form, the first and second conveying structures haveconveying surfaces each configured in an elliptical/oval shape, with themajor axes of the ellipses aligned substantially parallel to each otherand preferably in colinear relationship.

The first conveying structure defines a seedling growing line, with thesecond conveying structure defining a cultivating line. The major axisof the second conveying structure is preferably longer than the majoraxis of the first conveying structure so that the length and area of theconveying surface on the second conveying structure is greater than thelength and area of the conveying surface on the first conveyingstructure to facilitate the aforementioned spacing of seedlings in botha lengthwise and lateral direction.

In a preferred form, there are third and fourth conveying structuresconfigured respectively like the first and second conveying structuresand the diverting structure is movable selectively between a) a firsttransfer position wherein it diverts conveying seedlings from the firstconveying structure onto the second conveying structure and b) a secondtransfer position wherein it diverts conveying seedlings from the thirdconveying structure onto the fourth conveying structure. Preferably,each of the first, second, third and fourth conveying structures has astraight conveying section with spaced ends with an extensible conveyingsection on at least one of the ends of each of the straight conveyingsections. Each extensible conveying section, in an extended state,facilitates loading of seedlings onto and unloading of seedlings fromthe straight conveying section.

Preferably, there is also a curved conveying section which, in anoperative position, is adjacent to one end of each of the straightconveying sections for transferring seedlings to/from the straightconveying sections, and structure is provided f or moving the curvedconveying sections to an inoperative position in which they do notinterfere with the extensible sections on each of the conveyingstructures with the extensible sections in their extended states.

The invention also contemplates a conveying system for facilitatingintroduction of articles such as seedlings onto the system and diversionof articles such as seedlings off of the system. According to one formof the invention, this system consists of: a plurality of conveyingsections defining a conveying surface, with there being a straightconveying section and a curved conveying section, with the former havingan input/output end and the latter having an output/input end to effectarticle transfer with the input/output end of the straight conveyingsection with the curved conveying section and the straight conveyingsection in their operative positions; and structure for moving one ofthe straight and curved conveying sections relative to the other of thestraight and curved conveying sections to an inoperative position toexpose at least one of the input/output end of the straight conveyingsection and output/input end of the curved section to facilitate loadingof articles onto and unloading of articles from the conveying system.

Preferably, an extensible conveying section is provided at one of theinput/output end of the straight conveying section and the output/inputend of the curved conveying section.

The extensible section is selectively placed in a) a retracted conditionin which it does not extend beyond the input/output end of the straightconveying section and b) an extended position in which the extensiblesection extends beyond the inlet/outlet end of the straight conveyingsection.

Preferably, the extensible section is substantially straight and in theline of the straight conveying section with the extensible section inits extended state.

In a preferred form, the straight conveying section communicatesarticles with curved conveying sections at each of its ends, with anextensible conveying section provided at each end.

The invention also contemplates a diverting structure for effectingtransfer of articles in a straight conveying section.

In a preferred form, the conveying system has a second straightconveying section that is parallel to and co-extensive with the firststraight conveying section with there being curved conveying sectionsinterconnecting the ends of the straight conveying sections to therebydefine a continuous path for conveying articles.

Preferably, each of the curved conveying sections is arcuate and extendsthrough approximately 180°.

The present invention also contemplates a method of cultivating crops,including the steps of providing a first conveying structure, conveyingseedlings on the first conveying structure in a first predetermined pathto allow the seedlings to be treated under a first set of controlledgrowing conditions, providing a second conveying structure, transferringseedlings from the first conveying structure to the second conveyingstructure, and conveying seedlings on the second conveying structure ina second predetermined path to allow the seedlings to be treated under asecond set of controlled growing conditions.

In a preferred form, a diverting structure is provided and transfer ofthe seedlings is effected from the first conveying structure to thesecond conveying structure automatically through the divertingstructure.

Preferably, at least one of the first and second conveying structurescan be reconfigured to facilitate a) the transfer of seedlings from thefirst conveying structure to the diverting structure and b) the transferof seedlings from the diverting structure to the second conveyingstructure. This is preferably accomplished by constructing each of thefirst and second conveying structures with cooperating conveyingsections, with at least one of the conveying sections having anextensible conveying section associated therewith, as in the structurepreviously described. One of the cooperating conveying sections ispreferably moved relative to the other before placing the extensiblesection in its extended state.

Preferably, third and fourth conveying structures are provided,corresponding to the first and second conveying structures, and adiverting structure is provided and is relatively movable between a) afirst transfer position to effect transfer of articles from the firstconveying structure to the second conveying structure and b) a secondtransfer position to effect transfer of articles form the thirdconveying structure to the fourth conveying structure.

The invention also contemplates a method of transferring articles, suchas seedlings, to and from a conveying structure, which method consistsof the steps of: providing a plurality of article conveying sectionscooperatively defining a conveying surface for articles, with therebeing one conveying section with an input/output end and a secondconveying section, with the first and second conveying sections beingrelatively positionable in an operative position wherein articles fromthe input/output end of the first conveying section can be transferredto and from the first conveying section; and relatively moving the firstand second conveying sections out of their operative position tofacilitate access to the input/output end of the first conveying sectionfor facilitated transfer of articles to and from the input/output end ofthe first conveying section.

Preferably, an extensible conveying section is provided at theinput/output end of the first conveying section and is movable betweenretracted and extended positions so that the extensible section can besituated in its extended state only after the first and second conveyingsections are moved out of their operative position.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a system for automatically cultivating crops ina greenhouse according to the present invention and including twoseedling growing conveying structures on the left hand side of FIG. 1and two cultivating conveying structures on the right hand side of FIG.1;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the system in FIG. 1 showing the seedlinggrowing conveying structures configured in a loading state in whichseedlings can be conveniently delivered from a supply to the seedlinggrowing conveying structures;

FIG. 3 is a view as in FIG. 2 showing the seedling growing conveyingstructures in their operative state and with seedlings thereon;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the system in FIG. 1 showing the upper seedlinggrowing conveying structure and cultivating conveying structure in atransfer state for transferring matured seedlings from the seedlinggrowing conveying structure to the cultivating conveying structure;

FIG. 5 is a view as in FIG. 4 with the upper seedling growing andcultivating conveying structures in their normal operating state;

FIG. 6 is a plan view as in FIGS. 4 and 5 with the upper cultivatingconveying structure configured in its unloading state to allow dischargeof the matured crops to a desired point of use;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a system as in FIGS. 1-6 and showing theupper seedling growing conveying structure in its loading state, theupper cultivating conveying structure in its unloading state and thelower seedling growing and cultivating conveying structures in theirtransfer states;

FIG. 8 is a view as in FIG. 7 with all of the conveying structures in anormal operating state in which seedlings can be continuously andintermittently conveyed in an elliptical path on their respectiveconveying structures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In FIG. 1, a greenhouse is shown at 10 with a crop cultivating system,according to the present invention, shown therewithin and generally at12. The greenhouse 10 has a generally rectangular configuration toaccommodate upper and lower cultivating lines 14, 16, respectively. Eachcultivating line 14, 16 operates in the same manner, and thusdescription herein will be limited primarily to upper cultivating line14.

The upper cultivating line 14 consists of seedling growing conveyingstructure at 18 and a cultivating conveying structure at 20. Seedlings(not shown in FIG. 1) are introduced to the conveying structure 18 inindividual containers (not shown) and, while being conveyed in acontinuous elliptical path, are exposed to a first controlledenvironment in a treatment zone 21 on the left hand side of thegreenhouse 10. Means are provided to control the exposure of theseedlings to light and moisture and to further control the airtemperature within the zone 21 within which the seedling growingconveyor 18 is operated. The light, heat/cooling, and moisturecontrolling means are shown schematically at 22, 24 and 26,respectively, in FIG. 1. Means 30 are also provided to treat theindividual seedlings with nutrients, such as manure and other types offertilizer, as at an exemplary location 32 in FIG. 1.

The seedling growing conveying section 18 is made up of four elements:first and second parallel, coextensive straight conveying sections 34,36 with spaced ends 38, 40 and 42, 44, respectively; and curved/arcuateconveying sections 46, 48 at the ends of the conveying structure 18. Theconveying section 46 extends through approximately 180° and has ends 50,52, which are alignable in close proximity to the ends 38, 42,respectively, on the straight conveying sections 34, 36. Thecurved/arcuate conveying section 48 has similar ends 54, 56 alignable inclose proximity to the opposite ends 40, 44 of the straight conveyingsections 34, 36, respectively.

The conveying sections 34, 36, 46, 48 have flat conveying surfaces 58,60, 62, 64, respectively, which cooperatively define a continuous,elliptical conveyance path for seedlings on the conveying structure 18.The conveying seedlings transfer from one conveying section 34, 36, 46,48 to the next to move in the endless path.

Once the seedlings have matured to a predetermined stage, the seedlingsare transferred to the cultivating conveying structure 20. The conveyingstructure 20 is defined by cooperating sections 66, 68, 70, 72. Thesections 66, 68 are straight, parallel and coextensive, such as thecorresponding sections 34, 36 on the seedling growing conveyingstructure 18. The straight conveying section 66 has spaced ends 74, 76and the straight conveying section 68 corresponding ends 78, 80.

The curved conveying section 70 has spaced ends 82, 84 which, with thesection 70 in its operative position of FIG. 1, align respectively withends 74, 78 on the straight sections 66, 68, respectively. Curvedelement 72 has ends 86, 88 which align with ends 76, 80 on the straightconveying sections 66, 68, respectively, with the section 72 in itsoperative position of FIG. 1.

The conveying sections 66, 68, 70, 72 have upwardly facing conveyingsurfaces 90, 92, 94, 96, which cooperatively define an elliptical,endless path to convey seedlings. During the conveyance of seedlings onthe cultivating conveying structure 20, the seedlings are subjected to acontrolled environment in the zone 98 on the right hand side of thegreenhouse 10.

Light, heat/cooling, and moisture are controlled through the means 22,24, 26, respectively, in the zone 98. Nutrients are added to theseedlings, as at the location 100 on the conveying structure 20, throughthe means 30.

In operation, seedlings are introduced serially onto the conveyingstructure 18 and are subjected to a controlled environment and nourishedin a prescribed manner. The conveying structures are driven eithercontinuously or intermittently by a drive means 101 therefor. Becausethe seedlings are moved by the conveying structure 18, they are notmaintained at any location wherein conditions i.e. light, heat, etc.might be different than for those experienced by other seedlings, ascommonly occurs in the prior art systems earlier described. Homogeneousseedling growth results.

Once the seedlings have matured to a predetermined point, they aretransferred to the cultivating conveying structure 20 and againsubjected to a controlled environment and nourished to promote optimumgrowth.

Again, the conveyance of the maturing seedlings on the conveyingstructure 20 prevents any difference in treatment for any of theseedlings on the conveying structure 20, which results in a consistentlyhigh quality yield. Once the seedlings have matured to a predeterminedstage on the cultivating conveying structure 20, they are transferredoff of the conveying structure 20 to a suitable collection point.

Further details of the operation of the present invention are explainedwith respect to FIGS. 2-6.

In FIG. 2, the seedling conveying structure 18 and the correspondingseedling conveying structure 18', therebeneath, are shown in a loadingstate. The loading state will be described only with respect torepresentative conveying structure 18.

In normal operation, the drive means 101 operates the conveying sections34, 36, 46, 48 to convey the seedlings 104 regularly arranged thereon,in a counterclockwise direction around the elliptical path defined bythe conveying structure 18, as indicated by arrows 103.

To facilitate loading of the seedlings 102 onto the conveying structure18, the straight conveying section 36 is provided with an extensibleconveying section 104. The conveying section 104 is selectively movablethrough a control 105 between a) a retracted position, shown in dottedlines in FIG. 2, wherein it underlies the conveying surface 60 on theconveying section 36, and b) an extended position, wherein it projectslengthwise in the line of the straight section 36, outwardly towards theleft in FIG. 2, as shown in solid lines.

Before the section 104 can be extended to the FIG. 2 position, it isnecessary to shift the curved conveying section 46 out of the path ofextension of the extensible section 104 to its inoperative positionshown in FIG. 2. This is accomplished by providing a guide rail 106extending transversely of the length of the conveying section 36. Adrive means 107 moves the conveying section 46 from its operativeposition, shown in FIG. 1, to the inoperative position of FIG. 2,wherein the conveying section 46 is repositioned to expose the end 42 ofthe conveying section 46 to allow unimpeded extension of the section104.

The extensible section 104 is made up of a belt which is folded into itsretracted position. The control 105 moves a frame (not shown) whichunfolds the belt and directs it into the solid line position of FIG. 2.The conveying section 18 is then in a state to facilitate its loading.

With the conveying section 18 in its loading state, the individualseedlings 102 can be loaded onto an upwardly facing conveying surface108 on the extensible section 104 for conveyance consecutively by theconveying sections 36, 48, 34, 46 until the upwardly facing conveyingsurface defined by the conveying structure 18 is filled with seedlings102. Once this has occurred, the extensible section 104 is retracted tothe dotted line position of FIG. 2, through the control 104, after whichthe curved end conveying section 46 is translated by the drive 107 backto its operative position.

The operative position for the conveying structure 18 is shown in FIG. 3with the seedlings 102 fully loaded thereon.

Once the seedlings 102 on the conveying structure 18 have matured to apredetermined stage, the matured seedlings 102 are conveyed off of theconveying structure 18 and transferred to the cultivating conveyorsystem 20 through a diverting/spacing means 112, shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

To effect this transfer, the conveying section 48 is first moved fromits operative position of FIG. 2 to its inoperative position in FIG. 4by a drive means 113. The conveying section 48 is translatable by thedrive means 113 along a guide rail 114, extending substantiallyperpendicular to the length of the conveying section 36 to expose theend 44 of the conveying section 36.

An extensible conveying section 116 is provided at the end 44 of theconveying section 36 and is extendable and retractable in the samefashion as the previously described extensible section 104, with theonly difference being that the section 116 is extended outwardly fromthe section 36 to the right in FIG. 4. This places the free end 118 inconfronting relationship with an input edge 119 on a transfer shuttle120.

The transfer shuttle 120 has a conveying belt 122 thereon which isoperated by a drive 124 (FIG. 3) to transfer seedlings 102 to anextensible conveying section 124, operatively associated with straightconveying section 68 on the conveying structure 12, which is in linearalignment with the straight section 36. The seedlings 102 arecontinuously transferred from the conveying section 116 to the transfershuttle 120 and in turn to the extensible conveying section 124 and ontothe straight conveying section 68. The curved section 70 is moved fromits operative position of FIG. 3 to its inoperative position of FIG. 4along a guide rail 126, parallel to the longitudinal extent of rail 114before the extensible section 124 can be moved from its retractedposition of FIG. 3 to its extended position of FIG. 4 in which transferbetween the conveying structures 18, 20 can be accomplished.

The drive means 101 for the conveying structure 18 drives the conveyingsurfaces 58, 60, 62, 64 at a faster rate than the conveying surfaces 90,92, 94, 96 on the conveying structure 20 so that the seedlingstransferred onto the conveying structure 12 are caused to be spaced fromeach other in a lengthwise feed direction to avoid contact betweenseedlings 102 on the conveying structure 20 that would otherwise bedetrimental to the growth of the seedlings 102.

To permit spacing of the seedlings 102 laterally as well as in thelengthwise direction, the width W2 (FIGS. 3 and 4) of the conveyingsurfaces 90, 92, 94, 96 on the conveying section 20 is greater than thewidth W1 (FIGS. 3 and 4) of the conveying surfaces 58, 60, 62, 64 on theconveying structure 18.

The downstream end 130 (FIG. 5) of the transfer shuttle 120 is widerthan the input end 118 thereon to allow fanning out of the seedlings 102as they are delivered to the conveying structure 20. The invention alsocontemplates the use of rollers (not shown) on the transfer shuttle 120with non-parallel rotational axes to laterally spread out the seedlings102 delivered to the conveying structure 20.

Once the transfer of the seedlings 102 is effected between the conveyingstructures 18, 20, the extensible sections 116, 124 are retracted andthe sections 48, 70 replaced to their operative positions, as seen inFIG. 5. In FIG. 5, seedlings 102 are loaded on both conveying structures18, 20.

Once the crops have sufficiently matured, they are transferred out ofthe greenhouse 10. To facilitate discharge of the seedlings 102 off ofthe conveying structure 20, the conveying section 72 is moved from itsoperative position of FIG. 5 to its inoperative position of FIG. 6through a drive means 134 guidingly along a rail 136. An extensibleconveying section 138, similar in operation to the extensible sections104, 116, 124, previously described, is projected outwardly to the rightin FIG. 6. By continuing operation of the conveying structure 20, theseedlings 102 are driven serially to the discharge end 140 of theconveying section 138 to facilitate their removal from the conveyingstructure 20.

The adjacent conveying structures 18', 20' operate in the same manner asthe conveying structures 18, 20. It can be seen that the major axes forthe elliptical conveying path defined by the conveying structures 18, 20and 18' 20', are substantially aligned. This facilitates in-linetransfer between the conveying section 36 and conveying section 68 (SeeFIG. 4).

In FIGS. 7 and 8, the conveying structures 18, 18' 20, 20' are shown indifferent states, with any combination of these states contemplatedwithin the system 12. In FIG. 7, the conveying structure 20 is shown inits unloading state, corresponding to its position in FIG. 6. Theconveying structure 18 is shown in FIG. 7 in its loading state,corresponding to that in FIG. 2. The conveying structures 18', 20' inFIG. 7 are shown in a transfer state, corresponding to the position ofthe conveying structures 18, 20 in FIG. 4.

The transfer shuttle 120 is translatable along a guide element 144 bythe drive 124 between a first transfer position, shown in each of FIGS.1-6, and a second transfer position shown in FIG. 7. In the FIG. 7position, transfer is effected between the conveying structures 18', 20'through the transfer shuttle 120 in the same manner as the transfershuttle 120 effects transfer between the conveying structures 18, 20 inFIG. 4.

In FIG. 8, each of the conveying structures 18, 18', 20, 20' is shown inits normal operating position. As previously indicated, the conveyingstructures 18, 18', 20, 20' may be continuously operated at a slow speedas the seedlings 102 are watered and fertilized, or this conveyance mayoccur intermittently. The foregoing disclosure of specific embodimentsis intended to be illustrative of the broad concepts comprehended by theinvention.

We claim:
 1. A system for automatically cultivating crops, said systemcomprising:first means for conveying seedlings in a first,predetermined, endless path to allow the seedlings to be treated under afirst set of controlled growing conditions; second means for conveyingseedlings in a second, predetermined, endless path to allow seedlings tobe treated under a second set of controlled growing conditions, saidfirst and second paths being substantially horizontal; and means forselectively defining a third conveying path to permit seedlings on thefirst conveying means to be continuously conveyed in said third pathonto the second conveying means for conveyance by the second conveyingmeans, said means defining the third conveying path comprising ahorizontally extending conveying surface.
 2. The system forautomatically cultivating crops according to claim 1 wherein said systemresides within a controlled environment.
 3. The system for automaticallycultivating crops according to claim 1 including means for operating thesecond conveying means at a faster speed than the first conveying meansso that as seedlings are diverted from the first conveying means ontothe second conveying means, a space is developed between seedlings onthe second conveying means to avoid detrimental contact betweenseedlings on the second conveying means.
 4. A system for automaticallycultivating crops, said system comprising:first means for conveyingseedlings in a first predetermined path to allow the seedlings to betreated under a first set of controlled growing conditions; second meansfor conveying seedlings in a second predetermined path to allowseedlings to be treated under a second set of controlled growingconditions; and means for selectively defining a third conveying path topermit seedlings on the first conveying means to be continuouslyconveyed in said third path onto the second conveying means forconveyance by the second conveying means, said means defining the thirdconveying path comprising a horizontally extending conveying surface,wherein at least one of said first and second conveying means isarranged to convey seedlings in a closed loop and there are means on theat least one of said first and second conveying means for reconfiguringthe at least one of said first and second conveying means into otherthan a closed loop to facilitate conveyance of seedlings by the meansdefining the third conveying path to/from the at least one of said firstand second conveying means.
 5. A system for automatically cultivatingcrops, said system comprising:first means for conveying seedlings in afirst predetermined path to allow seedlings to be treated under a firstset of controlled growing conditions; second means for conveyingseedlings in a second predetermined path to allow seedlings to betreated under a second set of controlled growing conditions; and meansfor selectively diverting conveying seedlings on the first conveyingmeans onto the second conveying means for conveyance by the secondconveying means, wherein at least one of said first and second conveyingmeans is arranged to convey seedlings in a closed loop, wherein said oneof the first and second conveying means has a plurality of conveyingsections including a first substantially straight conveying section withan input/output end and a second curved section with an output/input endarranged adjacent to the input/output end of the first straightconveying section with the second conveying section in an operativeposition to permit seedlings to be transferred between the input/outputend of the first straight conveying section and the output/input end ofthe second curved conveying section, there being means for moving thesecond curved conveying section relative to the first straight conveyingsection to an inoperative position to expose the input/output end of thefirst straight conveying section.
 6. The system for automaticallycultivating crops according to claim 5 wherein the moving means for thesecond conveying section comprises means for moving the second conveyingsection transversely to the length of the first straight conveyingsection between its operative and inoperative positions.
 7. The systemfor automatically cultivating crops according to claim 5 wherein thefirst conveying section has an extensible conveying section at itsinput/output end to facilitate transfer of seedlings between a locationoff of the first conveying means and the first conveying means.
 8. Thesystem for automatically cultivating crops according to claim 1including means for selectively treating seedlings conveying on at leastone of the first and second conveying means with light, heat, cooledair, moisture and nutrients.
 9. A system for automatically cultivatingcrops, said system comprising:first means for conveying seedlings in afirst predetermined path to allow the seedlings to be treated under afirst set of controlled growing conditions; second means for conveyingseedlings in a second predetermined path to allow seedlings to betreated under a second set of controlled growing conditions; and meansfor selectively defining a third conveying path to permit seedlings onthe first conveying means to be continuously conveyed in said third pathonto the second conveying means for conveyance by the second conveyingmeans, said means defining the third conveying path comprising ahorizontally extending conveying surface, wherein the first and secondconveying means each have substantially horizontal conveying surfaceswhich are each configured in an oval/elliptical shape having a majoraxis and a minor axis with the major axes of the ellipses being arrangedsubstantially parallel to each other.
 10. The system for automaticallycultivating crops according to claim 9 wherein the first conveying meansdefines a seedling growing line and the second conveying means defines acultivating line and the major axis of the second conveying means islonger than the major axis of the first conveying means so that thelength and area of the conveying surface on the second conveying meansare greater than the length and area of the conveying surface on thefirst conveying means to thereby allow a compact supply of seedlings onthe first conveying means to be spaced from each other on the secondconveying means.
 11. The system for automatically cultivating cropsaccording to claim 10 wherein each of the conveying surfaces on thefirst and second conveying means has a width and the width of theconveying surface on the first conveying means is less than the width ofthe conveying surface on the second conveying means to facilitatespacing of seedlings transferred from the first conveying means to thesecond conveying means.
 12. A system for automatically cultivatingcrops, said system comprising:first means for conveying seedlings in afirst predetermined path to allow seedlings to be treated under a firstset of controlled growing conditions; second means for conveyingseedlings in a second predetermined path to allow seedlings to betreated under a second set of controlled growing conditions; and meansfor selectively diverting conveying seedlings on the first conveyingmeans onto the second conveying means for conveyance by the secondconveying means, wherein the first and second conveying means haveconveying surfaces which are each configured in an oval/elliptical shapehaving a major axis and a minor axis with the major axes of the ellipsesbeing arranged substantially parallel to each other, wherein the area ofthe conveying surface on the second conveying means is greater than thearea of the conveying surface on the first conveying means.
 13. Thesystem for automatically cultivating crops according to claim 12 whereinthe diverting means comprises means for automatically spacing seedlingsfrom the first conveying means on the conveying surface of the secondconveying means.
 14. The system for automatically cultivating cropsaccording to claim 13 wherein the diverting means has a conveying surface with a width and the width of the conveying surface on the divertingmeans diverges between the first and second conveying means.
 15. Thesystem for automatically cultivating crops according to claim 9 whereinthere is a fourth conveying means and a fifth conveying means configuredrespectively like the first and second conveying means and the thirdconveying means is movable between a) a first transfer position whereinit diverts conveying seedlings from the first conveying means onto thesecond conveying means and b) a second transfer position wherein itdiverts conveying seedlings from the third conveying means to the fourthconveying means.
 16. The system for automatically cultivating cropsaccording to claim 14 wherein each of said first, second, third, andfourth conveying means has a straight conveying section with spaced endsand there is an extensible conveying section on at least one of the endsof each of the straight conveying sections which in an extended statefacilitates loading and unloading of seedlings onto the straightconveying section.
 17. The system for automatically cultivating cropsaccording to claim 16 wherein there is a curved conveying section whichin an operative position is adjacent to the one end of each of thestraight conveying sections f or transferring seedlings to/from thestraight conveying section and means are provided f or moving the curvedconveying section to an inoperative position so as not to interfere withthe extensible section on each of the conveying means with theextensible section in its extended state.
 18. The system forautomatically cultivating crops according to claim 17 wherein thediverting means is movable between a first transfer position in whichthe straight conveying sections on the first and second conveying meansand the diverting means reside substantially in a straight line and b) asecond transfer position in which the straight conveying sections on thethird and fourth conveying means and the third diverting means residesubstantially in a straight line.
 19. A conveying system forfacilitating introduction of articles such as seedlings onto the systemand diversion of articles such as seedlings off of the system, saidconveying system comprising:a soild plurality of conveying sectionscooperatively defining a conveying surface, said plurality of conveyingsections including a straight conveying section and a curved conveyingsection, said straight conveying section having an input/output end,said curved conveying section having an output/input end to effectarticle transfer with the input/output end of the straight conveyingsection with the curved conveying section and straight conveying sectionin their operative positions; and means for moving one of the straightand curved conveying sections relative to the other of the straight andcurved conveying sections to an inoperative position to expose at leastone of the input/output end of the straight conveying section andoutput/input end of the curved conveying section to facilitate loadingof articles onto and discharge of articles from the conveying system byoperation of at least one of the straight and curved conveying sections.20. A conveying system for facilitating introduction of articles such asseedlings onto the system and diversion of articles such as seedlingsoff of the system, said conveying system comprising:a plurality ofconveying sections including a straight conveying section and a curvedconveying section, said straight conveying section having aninput/output end, said curved conveying section having an output/inputend to effect article transfer with the input/output end of the straightconveying section with the curved conveying section and straightconveying section in their operative positions; and means for moving oneof the straight and curved conveying sections relative to the other ofthe straight and curved conveying sections to an inoperative position toexpose at least one of the input/output end of the straight conveyingsection and output/input end of the curved conveying section tofacilitate loading of articles onto and discharge of articles from theconveying system, wherein there is an extensible conveying section atone of the input/output end of the straight conveying section and theoutput/input end of the curved conveying section to facilitate loadingof articles onto and discharge of articles from the conveying system.21. The article conveying system of claim 20 wherein the extensibleconveying section is on the input/output end of the straight conveyingsection and the extensible conveying section is movable between a) aretracted position in which the extensible conveying section does notextend beyond the input/output end of the straight conveying section andb) an extended position in which the extensible section extends beyondthe input/output end of the straight conveying section.
 22. The articleconveying system of claim 21 wherein the extensible section issubstantially straight and in the line of the straight conveying sectionwith the extensible section in its extended state.
 23. The articleconveying system of claim 20 wherein the straight conveying section hasan output/input end opposite to the input/output end thereof and thereis a curved conveying section at each of the ends of the straightconveying section to effect article transfer therewith.
 24. The articleconveying system of claim 20 wherein the straight conveying section hasan output/input end opposite to the input/output end thereof and thereis an extensible conveying section at each end of the straight conveyingsection.
 25. The article conveying system of claim 20 wherein theextensible conveying sections each have an end and one of the extensibleconveying section ends defines an output and in combination with adiverting means for transferring articles conveyed from the output endof the one straight conveying section to one of the extensible conveyingsections at the output end of the one straight conveying section to apoint of use.
 26. The article conveying system of claim 19 wherein theconveying system includes a second straight conveying section parallelto and co-extensive with the first claimed straight conveying section,said first claimed curved conveying section defining an articleconveying path between one end on each of the straight conveyingsections and the second curved conveying section defining an articleconveying path between the other ends of the straight conveyingsections.
 27. The article conveying system of claim 26 wherein each ofsaid curved conveying sections is arcuate and extends throughapproximately 180°.